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<link:definition>1048 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)</link:definition>
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<link:definition>1049 - Disclosure - Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (Details)</link:definition>
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<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/net" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/arcrole/fact-explanatoryFact" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/factExplanatory-2009-12-16.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2020/elts/us-types-2020-01-31.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-types-2020-01-31.xsd" />
<import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-2020-01-31.xsd" />
<element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesExcludingSalesToRelatedParties" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssuesExcludingSalesToRelatedParties" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssuesExcludingSalesToRelatedParties" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssuesExcludingSalesToRelatedParties" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRelatedPartiesAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptions" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRelatedPartiesAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptions" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRelatedPartiesAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptions" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRelatedPartiesAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptions" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestNetOfInterestReceived" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestNetOfInterestReceived" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquityNet" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquityNet" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="ProceedsFromTheSaleOfRelatedPartyStockAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptionsNetOfTransactionCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ProceedsFromTheSaleOfRelatedPartyStockAndExerciseOfCommonStockOptionsNetOfTransactionCosts" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="LiquidityAndUncertaintiesDisclosureAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_LiquidityAndUncertaintiesDisclosureAbstract" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="AccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_AccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="PatentsPolicyTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_PatentsPolicyTextBlock" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationExpenseAllocationOfCompensationCostsAndRecognizedPeriodCostsTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationExpenseAllocationOfCompensationCostsAndRecognizedPeriodCostsTableTextBlock" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="PatentCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_PatentCosts" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="DeferredTaxAssetsPercentageOfValuationAllowance" type="num:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsPercentageOfValuationAllowance" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CorporateDebtSecurities3Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CorporateDebtSecurities3Member" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="MaturityPeriodFromDateOfPurchaseToClassifyInvestmentAsMarketableSecurities" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_MaturityPeriodFromDateOfPurchaseToClassifyInvestmentAsMarketableSecurities" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsAtCost" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CashCashEquivalentsAndShortTermInvestmentsAtCost" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGains" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedGains" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
<element name="CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLosses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CashAndCashEquivalentsAndAvailableForSaleSecuritiesGrossUnrealizedLosses" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="AccruedContractResearchCostsCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_AccruedContractResearchCostsCurrent" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="AccruedCompensationAndBenefitsCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_AccruedCompensationAndBenefitsCurrent" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="AccruedOtherClinicalStudyRelatedCostsCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_AccruedOtherClinicalStudyRelatedCostsCurrent" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="CommonStockVotingRightsNumber" type="xbrli:integerItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CommonStockVotingRightsNumber" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ConvertibleSeriesPreferredStockMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ConvertibleSeriesPreferredStockMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="PreferredStockNumberOfVotingRights" type="xbrli:integerItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_PreferredStockNumberOfVotingRights" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RegisteredOfferingMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_RegisteredOfferingMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="GoldmanSachsCoMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_GoldmanSachsCoMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="UnderwritingAgreementMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_UnderwritingAgreementMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="SaleOfStockPeriodGrantedToPurchaseAdditionalShares" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_SaleOfStockPeriodGrantedToPurchaseAdditionalShares" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CowenCo.LlcMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CowenCo.LlcMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="AtTheMarketIssuanceSalesAgreementMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_AtTheMarketIssuanceSalesAgreementMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RemainingSecuritiesUnderShelfRegistrationValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_RemainingSecuritiesUnderShelfRegistrationValue" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="CommonStockAggregateOfferingPrice" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CommonStockAggregateOfferingPrice" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="SalesAgreementTerminationNoticePeriodDays" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_SalesAgreementTerminationNoticePeriodDays" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualLifeAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualLifeAbstract" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValueAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValueAbstract" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInLeaseLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInLeaseLiabilities" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="ResearchDevelopmentAndCommercializationAgreementMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ResearchDevelopmentAndCommercializationAgreementMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="HoffmanLaRocheMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_HoffmanLaRocheMember" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="RemainingMilestonePayments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_RemainingMilestonePayments" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="PaymentForMilestone" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_PaymentForMilestone" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="credit" />
<element name="ExpireIn2037Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" id="mdgl_ExpireIn2037Member" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
<element name="DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:balance="debit" />
</schema>
